Chinas recently announced export controls on gallium could hit
the US defense industry, as this material, with China being the
leading producer and supplier in the world, is widely used in
advanced radar systems installed on warplanes, warships and ground
installations, experts said on Tuesday.
Starting August 1, China will impose export controls on gallium
and germanium as well as several chemical compounds involving the
two materials, according to a notice Chinas Ministry of Commerce
and General Administration of Customs released on Monday.
Items meeting certain characteristics shall not be exported
without approval, the notice stated.
The move aims to safeguard national security and interests, it
said.
Gallium and germanium are used in the making of semiconductors
and other electronic components, observers said.
Chinese military analysts said that the export controls,
particularly those on gallium, could hit the US defense industry at
a time when the US is attempting to militarily contain Chinas
development.
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium nitride (GaN) are the most
basic materials in the making of the transmit receive modules on
active electronic scanning array (AESA) radars, which are widely
used on modern warplanes, warships and ground installations, Fu
Qianshao, a Chinese military aviation expert, told the Global
Times on Tuesday.
For example, US defense companies Raytheon and Northrop Grumman
are reportedly introducing new AESA radar systems based on GaN,
which provide superior performance than previously used GaAs. The
latest radars for the F/A-18E/F carrier-based fighter jet and the
F-35 stealth fighter jet also incorporate GaN.
Both GaN and GaAs are included on Chinas list of export
controls.
China accounts for about 85 percent of global gallium reserves,
meaning that it is unlikely for the US and other Western countries
to avoid using the Chinese materials without significant cost, Fu
said.
The US frequently deploys its warplanes and warships on Chinas
doorsteps for close-in reconnaissance, provocative transits and
exercises as well as showcasing deterrence purposes, in addition to
continuing arms sales to the island of Taiwan, which are obvious
attempts to contain Chinas development and harm Chinas national
security and interests, analysts said.